{"id":4351,"date":"2016-07-18T09:43:43","date_gmt":"2016-07-18T13:43:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.talkdeath.com\/?p=4351"},"modified":"2022-12-19T10:36:15","modified_gmt":"2022-12-19T15:36:15","slug":"can-i-have-a-tibetan-sky-burial","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/can-i-have-a-tibetan-sky-burial\/","title":{"rendered":"Can I Have a Tibetan Sky Burial?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"pl-4351\" class=\"panel-layout\">\n<div id=\"pg-4351-0\" class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\">\n<div id=\"pgc-4351-0-0\" class=\"panel-grid-cell\" data-weight=\"1\">\n<div id=\"panel-4351-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child\" data-index=\"0\" data-style=\"{&quot;background_image_attachment&quot;:false,&quot;background_display&quot;:&quot;tile&quot;}\">\n<div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n<p>One of the most common questions that I hear about the law of human remains is whether a person can choose a method of disposition other than burial or cremation in the United States. On Episode #5 of our\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.talkdeath.com\/talkdeath-episode-5-who-own-your-body\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">#TalkDeath web series<\/span><\/a>, Lee Webster and I were asked about the legality of Tibetan sky burial, having a body mummified or rendered into an articulated skeleton and displayed in a home, or, my personal favorite, a Viking funeral (aka, House of Tully funeral to <em>Game of Thrones<\/em> fans).<\/p>\n<p><strong>The answer, sadly, is no.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4354\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4354\" data-attachment-id=\"4354\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/can-i-have-a-tibetan-sky-burial\/20110102_zoroastrian_towers_of_silence_yazd_iran\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20110102_Zoroastrian_Towers_of_Silence_Yazd_Iran.jpg?fit=1024%2C595&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1024,595\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Zoroastrian_Towers_of_Silence_Yazd_Iran\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Zoroastrian Tower of Silence&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20110102_Zoroastrian_Towers_of_Silence_Yazd_Iran.jpg?fit=580%2C337&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20110102_Zoroastrian_Towers_of_Silence_Yazd_Iran.jpg?fit=940%2C546&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-4354\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20110102_Zoroastrian_Towers_of_Silence_Yazd_Iran.jpg?resize=800%2C464\" alt=\"Can I have a Tibetan Sky Burial\" width=\"800\" height=\"464\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20110102_Zoroastrian_Towers_of_Silence_Yazd_Iran.jpg?w=1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20110102_Zoroastrian_Towers_of_Silence_Yazd_Iran.jpg?resize=580%2C337&amp;ssl=1 580w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20110102_Zoroastrian_Towers_of_Silence_Yazd_Iran.jpg?resize=768%2C446&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20110102_Zoroastrian_Towers_of_Silence_Yazd_Iran.jpg?resize=940%2C546&amp;ssl=1 940w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/20110102_Zoroastrian_Towers_of_Silence_Yazd_Iran.jpg?resize=300%2C174&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-4354\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zoroastrian Tower of Silence<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>Can I Have a Tibetan Sky Burial?<\/h2>\n<p>There are two reasons why you can&#8217;t have a Tibetan Sky Burial in America. First, many states explicitly limit the approved methods of disposition of human remains. Second, most states criminalize certain treatment of human remains that is inconsistent with prevailing social norms.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Okay, sure, but how would they find out if I did something different?<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>In my book <a href=\"http:\/\/amzn.to\/2ah4Wzb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><u>The Law of Human Remains<\/u><\/a> (2015)\u2014available on the <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawyersandjudges.com\/products\/the-law-of-human-remains?variant=6027975619\">publisher\u2019s website<\/a><\/span> and on <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/amzn.to\/29AYxNf\">Amazon<\/a><\/span>\u2014I discuss both of these areas of law in more detail and list all of the relevant statutes. Here is a brief synopsis and a few examples.<br \/>\n<script async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-1578388965604007\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><!-- TD ads --><\/p>\n<p><ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display: block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1578388965604007\" data-ad-slot=\"5237977758\" data-ad-format=\"auto\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins> <script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Permitted Methods of Disposition<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Many states explicitly state that human remains may only be disposed of by burial, cremation, or donation to science. For example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>California<\/strong>:\u00a0\u201cExcept as authorized pursuant to [laws relating to cremated remains], every person who deposits or disposes of any human remains in any place, except in a cemetery, is guilty of a misdemeanor.\u201d Cal. Health &amp; Safety Code \u00a7 7054.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Colorado<\/strong>:\u00a0\u201cFinal disposition\u201d is defined as \u201cthe disposition of human remains by entombment, burial, cremation, or removal from the state.\u201d \u00a7 12-54-102(9).<\/li>\n<li><strong>New York<\/strong>:\u00a0\u201cevery body of a deceased person, within this state, shall be decently buried or incinerated within a reasonable time after death.\u201d N.Y. Pub. Health Law \u00a74200.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Washington State<\/strong>:\u00a0\u201chuman remains lying within this state \u2026 shall be decently buried, or cremated within a reasonable time after death.\u201d Rev. Code \u00a768.50.110.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If you are interested in Tibetan sky burial, a Viking funeral, or some other method of disposition not covered by these laws, you may ask\u2014okay, sure, but how would they find out if I did something different? The answer is that states require both death certificates to register the death of a human being within the state and a permit usually called a \u201cburial and transit permit\u201d or \u201cdisposition permit\u201d that is used to tell the government the final destination of the human remains and the method of disposition.<\/p>\n<p>In a number of states, a licensed funeral director must sign or issue the permit. So to accomplish an unauthorized method of disposition, you\u2019d have you lie to the government on the permit and, in most cases, also get a funeral director to lie for you. Good luck with that.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4356\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4356\" data-attachment-id=\"4356\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/can-i-have-a-tibetan-sky-burial\/liu-09879\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/liu-09879.jpg?fit=640%2C324&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"640,324\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"sky burial\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Liu Xiaodong Sky Burial&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/liu-09879.jpg?fit=580%2C294&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/liu-09879.jpg?fit=640%2C324&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-4356 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/liu-09879.jpg?resize=640%2C324&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Can I have a Tibetan Sky Burial\" width=\"640\" height=\"324\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/liu-09879.jpg?w=640&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/liu-09879.jpg?resize=580%2C294&amp;ssl=1 580w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/liu-09879.jpg?resize=300%2C152&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-4356\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.maryboonegallery.com\/exhibitions\/2007-2008\/Liu-Xiaodong\/detail1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Liu Xiaodong Sky Burial<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<h3><strong>Desecration of Human Remains<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The second problem is that even if you can convince someone to hold a Tibetan sky burial for you despite the fact that it is not authorized by state law, such treatment of human remains may actually expose those disposing of your remains to criminal penalties.<\/p>\n<p>In the United States we have two kinds of law\u2014common law, which is judge-made law that we originally inherited from England, and statutory law, which is enacted by legislatures.<\/p>\n<p>At common law, before a corpse is properly interred, it must be treated in accordance with \u201cordinary requirements of decency and common morals.\u201d <em>State v. Hartzler<\/em>, 433 P.2d 231 (N.M. 1967). Human remains may not be \u201ccast out so as to expose [them] to violation or so as to offend the feelings or endanger the health of the living.\u201d No person may \u201ccast [a corpse] into the street, or into a running stream, or into a hole in the ground, or make any disposition of it that might be regarded as creating a nuisance, be offensive to the sense of decency, or be injurious to the health of the community.\u201d <em>Seaton v. Commonwealth<\/em>, 149 S.W. 871, 873 (Ky. 1912).<\/p>\n<p>Although it is unusual to be prosecuted for a common law crime today, there have been reported cases in the 20<sup>th<\/sup> century. For example, in 1939, a defendant was convicted in Maine of disposing of a body in a furnace. \u201cThe essence of the offense charged and proved is, not that the body was burned, but that it was indecently burned, in such a manner that, when the facts should in the natural course of events become known, the feelings and natural sentiments of the public would be outraged.\u201d <em>State v. Bradbury<\/em>, 9 A.2d 657 (Me. 1939).<\/p>\n<p>In 1949, a defendant was convicted in Arkansas for keeping a dead body for five days in order to cash an old age assistance check. \u201cDuring these five days the body was placed in different positions simulating life.\u201d <em>Baker v. State<\/em>, 223 S.W.2d 809 (Ark. 1949).<\/p>\n<p>Many states have enacted statutory laws criminalizing mistreatment of human remains that mirror the standards set forth in the common law. There is one uniform law that has been adopted by about a dozen states\u2014The Model Penal Code includes a crime called \u201cabuse of a corpse\u201d that is committed when a person \u201cexcept as authorized by law, \u2026 treats a corpse in a way that he knows would outrage ordinary family sensibilities.\u201d Model Penal Code \u00a7 250.10. The standard of \u201cordinary family sensibilities\u201d is vague, but not unconstitutionally vague, at least according to the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals. <em>Condon v. Wolfe<\/em>, 310 F. App&#8217;x 807, 821 (6th Cir. 2009).<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display: block; text-align: center;\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1578388965604007\" data-ad-slot=\"6461451247\"><\/ins><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_9821\" style=\"width: 1578px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9821\" data-attachment-id=\"9821\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/can-i-have-a-tibetan-sky-burial\/img_40501345482047_large\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/img_40501345482047_large.jpg?fit=1568%2C894&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1568,894\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;7.1&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Byron Dauncey&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;FinePix S5Pro&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1335821858&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;Byron Dauncey 2011&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;85&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;160&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.004&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Can I have a Tibetan Sky Burial?\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Painting by Ronan Boyle&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/img_40501345482047_large.jpg?fit=580%2C331&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/img_40501345482047_large.jpg?fit=940%2C536&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-9821 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/img_40501345482047_large.jpg?resize=1200%2C684&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Can I have a Tibetan Sky Burial?\" width=\"1200\" height=\"684\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/img_40501345482047_large.jpg?w=1568&amp;ssl=1 1568w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/img_40501345482047_large.jpg?resize=580%2C331&amp;ssl=1 580w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/img_40501345482047_large.jpg?resize=940%2C536&amp;ssl=1 940w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/img_40501345482047_large.jpg?resize=768%2C438&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/img_40501345482047_large.jpg?resize=1536%2C876&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/img_40501345482047_large.jpg?resize=1100%2C627&amp;ssl=1 1100w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/img_40501345482047_large.jpg?resize=1400%2C798&amp;ssl=1 1400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/img_40501345482047_large.jpg?resize=800%2C456&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/img_40501345482047_large.jpg?resize=600%2C342&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/img_40501345482047_large.jpg?resize=300%2C171&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/img_40501345482047_large.jpg?resize=1250%2C713&amp;ssl=1 1250w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/img_40501345482047_large.jpg?resize=400%2C228&amp;ssl=1 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-9821\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Painting by Ronan Boyle<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Here are some examples of state statutes that criminalize mistreatment of human remains:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>California<\/strong>:\u00a0\u201cEvery person who willfully mutilates \u2026 any remains known to be human, without authority of law, is guilty of a felony.\u201d Cal. Health &amp; Safety Code \u00a7 7052.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Colorado<\/strong>:\u00a0\u201cA person commits abuse of a corpse if, without statutory or court-ordered authority, he or she \u2026 Treats the body or remains of any person in a way that would outrage normal family sensibilities.\u201d Colo. Rev. Stat. \u00a7 18-13-101.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Florida<\/strong>:\u00a0\u201cA person who mutilates, commits sexual abuse upon, or otherwise grossly abuses a dead human body commits a felony of the second degree.\u201d Fla. Stat. 872.06(2).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Illinois<\/strong>:\u00a0\u201cA person commits dismembering a human body when he or she knowingly dismembers, severs, separates, dissects, or mutilates any body part of a deceased&#8217;s body.\u201d 720 ILCS 5\/12-20.5.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Oregon<\/strong>:\u00a0\u201cA person commits the crime of abuse of corpse in the first degree if the person: (a) Engages in sexual activity with a corpse or involving a corpse; or (b) Dismembers, mutilates, cuts or strikes a corpse.\u201d Rev. Stat. \u00a7166.087.<div class=\"su-divider su-divider-style-default\" style=\"margin:10px 0;border-width:3px;border-color:#e0e0d9\"><\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>One of the most common questions that I hear about the law of human remains is whether a person can choose a method of disposition other than burial or cremation in the United States.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":53,"featured_media":6356,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6442,6444],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4351","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culturepol","category-deathcare"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/tibetanskyburial.jpg?fit=2000%2C1333&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4351","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/53"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4351"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4351\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15067,"href":"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4351\/revisions\/15067"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6356"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4351"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4351"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4351"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}