{"id":3180,"date":"2015-11-17T10:17:03","date_gmt":"2015-11-17T15:17:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.talkdeath.com\/?p=3180"},"modified":"2023-05-07T11:18:16","modified_gmt":"2023-05-07T15:18:16","slug":"bio-cremation-greener-death","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/bio-cremation-greener-death\/","title":{"rendered":"Alkaline Hydrolysis: A Greener Death?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>What is legal in only <strong>21 States<\/strong>, <strong>5 Canadian Provinces and Territories<\/strong> and was condemned by the New York Catholic Conference in 2011?<strong>*<\/strong> The punchline to this bad setup is less funny than you may have hoped: Alkaline Hydrolysis, otherwise known as Bio Cremation, Aquamation, water cremation or resomation (resomation is a trademarked process). Alkaline Hydrolysis is a process that uses water and lye to break apart the body after death without the use of fire. This, proponents say, leads to a more environmentally friendly process for the disposal of bodies. Yet the response from lawmakers, governments and religious institutions has been rather lacklustre and even oppositional. To break down the process and consider the arguments, we spoke to funeral lawyers and Alkaline Hydrolysis experts to get the inside scoop.<br \/>\n<strong>*May 2023 Update<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>The Alkaline Hydrolysis Process<\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_3238\" style=\"width: 710px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3238\" data-attachment-id=\"3238\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/bio-cremation-greener-death\/ddn063012a1greencr_1149818a_7\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ddn063012a1GreenCr_1149818a_7.jpg?fit=960%2C637&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"960,637\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"ddn063012a1GreenCr_1149818a_7\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ddn063012a1GreenCr_1149818a_7.jpg?fit=580%2C385&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ddn063012a1GreenCr_1149818a_7.jpg?fit=940%2C624&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-3238\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ddn063012a1GreenCr_1149818a_7.jpg?resize=700%2C464\" alt=\"bio cremation\" width=\"700\" height=\"464\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ddn063012a1GreenCr_1149818a_7.jpg?w=960&amp;ssl=1 960w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ddn063012a1GreenCr_1149818a_7.jpg?resize=580%2C385&amp;ssl=1 580w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ddn063012a1GreenCr_1149818a_7.jpg?resize=940%2C624&amp;ssl=1 940w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ddn063012a1GreenCr_1149818a_7.jpg?resize=300%2C199&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3238\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A typical bio cremation chamber<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Bio cremation or aquamation is based on a process called alkaline hydrolysis. The corpse is placed in a chamber that is filled with 95% water and 5% alkali that is then heated to around 160\u00b0C \u00a0or 320 \u00b0F. The water never reaches the boiling point and instead, breaks the body down into its chemical components. In other words, skin, muscle and tissue are dissolved, leaving only the bones. This process takes around 3 hours to complete.<br \/>\n<script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><br \/>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display: block; text-align: center;\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1578388965604007\" data-ad-slot=\"6461451247\"><\/ins><br \/>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><br \/>\nOnce the water cremation process is complete, what is left is a greenish brown liquid made up of amino acids, peptides, sugars and salts, including an intact, white skeleton. The bones, which are now soft and porous, can easily be crushed and returned to the next of kin. This process is similar to regular, fire cremation in which only the bones remain. From there families can choose to bury the ashes, keep them on display or place them in a niche. The liquid which remains is drained into the city&#8217;s sewer system or can be spread in a green space, as it is considered safe and biodegradable.<\/p>\n<blockquote><span class=\"su-highlight\" style=\"background:#59c7db;color:#ffffff\">&nbsp;<strong>A fraction of the carbon footprint, no emissions and more sustainable<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/span><\/blockquote>\n<h3>What Are The Benefits of Alkaline Hydrolysis?<\/h3>\n<p>According to\u00a0Samantha Sieber, the\u00a0Vice President of Research for\u00a0<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bioresponsesolutions.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bio-Response Solutions<\/a><\/span>, the appeal to consumers is that bio cremation <em>&#8220;is a fraction of the carbon footprint, [has]\u00a0no emissions and it is more sustainable&#8221;<\/em>. That interest rests on the smaller environmental footprint of Alkaline Hydrolysis, a process which uses anywhere from 1\/10th to 1\/20th the carbon footprint of traditional cremation, a method which uses a lot of <a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Alkaline-Hydrolysis.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"3272\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/bio-cremation-greener-death\/alkaline-hydrolysis\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Alkaline-Hydrolysis.jpg?fit=800%2C720&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"800,720\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Alkaline-Hydrolysis\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Alkaline-Hydrolysis.jpg?fit=580%2C522&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Alkaline-Hydrolysis.jpg?fit=800%2C720&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignright wp-image-3272\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Alkaline-Hydrolysis.jpg?resize=300%2C270\" alt=\"Alkaline-Hydrolysis\" width=\"300\" height=\"270\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Alkaline-Hydrolysis.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Alkaline-Hydrolysis.jpg?resize=580%2C522&amp;ssl=1 580w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/Alkaline-Hydrolysis.jpg?resize=300%2C270&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>energy and produces a lot of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.talkdeath.com\/environmental-impact-of-funerals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">carbon emissions<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>According to industry studies, one cremation uses 92 cubic meters of natural gas and 29 kilowatt-hours of electricity, pumping over 400 kilos of carbon dioxide into the air. That is enough carbon dioxide to drive a car for 15 straight hours and enough energy to power a large air conditioning unit for 44 hours. Mercury and other toxic\u00a0metals from dental fillings and joint replacements are also burned during cremation.\u00a0And this speaks to the other problem with traditional cremation, the fire. Sieber told us\u00a0that aside from the\u00a0environmental\u00a0impact, consumers she has spoken to generally\u00a0<em>&#8220;have an aversion to fire&#8221;<\/em> and prefer the <em>&#8220;gentle&#8221;<\/em> method of bio cremation.<\/p>\n<p>One of the misconceptions about aquamation is that the body is completely dissolved by the alkaline process, leaving no bones or human remains. According to Sieber, not only do the bones remain intact once the process is complete, bio cremation offers up to 20% more ashes than traditional cremation, a benefit for consumers looking to spread ashes or divide them amongst family and friends.<\/p>\n<h3>The Argument Against Alkaline Hydrolysis<\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_3283\" style=\"width: 710px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3283\" data-attachment-id=\"3283\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/bio-cremation-greener-death\/c874acefbabfc21028d777163c9e027d\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/c874acefbabfc21028d777163c9e027d.jpeg?fit=755%2C400&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"755,400\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"c874acefbabfc21028d777163c9e027d\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/c874acefbabfc21028d777163c9e027d.jpeg?fit=580%2C307&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/c874acefbabfc21028d777163c9e027d.jpeg?fit=755%2C400&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-3283\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/c874acefbabfc21028d777163c9e027d.jpeg?resize=700%2C371\" alt=\"bio cremation\" width=\"700\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/c874acefbabfc21028d777163c9e027d.jpeg?w=755&amp;ssl=1 755w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/c874acefbabfc21028d777163c9e027d.jpeg?resize=580%2C307&amp;ssl=1 580w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/c874acefbabfc21028d777163c9e027d.jpeg?resize=300%2C159&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/c874acefbabfc21028d777163c9e027d.jpeg?resize=620%2C330&amp;ssl=1 620w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3283\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Horrified onlooker at the cremation of Baron Charles De Palm(First cremation in United States cira 1876)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Catholics were once strictly forbidden to cremate their bodies. However, new theological concepts in the 1960s did away with the aversion to the\u00a0destructive nature of cremation. While one might think the Catholic Church would see no problem with a process that does the same thing, but in a more eco-conscious way, it has been one of the largest proponents against alkaline hydrolysis. Many of the arguments used against traditional cremation by clergy are now being used against proponents of bio cremation. A 2011 gathering of New York Catholics reified the Church&#8217;s belief that <em>&#8220;<\/em><em>the sacredness of the human body and its dignity arises out of concern for both the body\u2019s natural and supernatural properties&#8221;.<\/em>\u00a0The\u00a0concern amongst Catholics is\u00a0that bio cremation\u00a0devalues the human body by turning\u00a0it\u00a0into <em>&#8220;human\u00a0waste&#8221; .<\/em><\/p>\n<blockquote><span class=\"su-highlight\" style=\"background:#59c7db;color:#ffffff\">&nbsp;<strong>Many of these experts are inherently conflicted about alkaline hydrolysis<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/span><\/blockquote>\n<div>\n<p>The Church has not been the only opposition to\u00a0bio cremation. Tanya Marsh, <a href=\"http:\/\/funerallaw.typepad.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">funeral law\u00a0specialist<\/span><\/a>\u00a0and professor at\u00a0<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"http:\/\/law.wfu.edu\/faculty\/profile\/marshtd\/\">Wake Forest University School of Law<\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">wrote to TalkDeath and explained that\u00a0<\/span><em style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">&#8220;the most significant legal hurdle for the adoption of alkaline hydrolysis is that most states explicitly limit the legal methods of disposition to burial, entombment, cremation, and donation for educational or scientific purposes. Some states may have a broad enough definition of &#8220;cremation&#8221; to include methods of accelerated decomposition that don&#8217;t involve fire, but most states specifically define cremation as a process involving fire&#8221;.<\/em><span style=\"line-height: 1.5;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The uphill battle facing alkaline hydrolysis\u00a0isn&#8217;t from lawmakers who oppose bio cremation, it is the difficult process of changing any law at state and provincial levels.\u00a0To bring new issues to the attention of lawmakers requires a lot of time, energy and importantly, money. As\u00a0the bio cremation industry is still small compared to more established funerary professions, it is often up to dedicated teams in individual states to push for change.<br \/>\n<script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script><br \/>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display: block; text-align: center;\" data-ad-layout=\"in-article\" data-ad-format=\"fluid\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-1578388965604007\" data-ad-slot=\"6461451247\"><\/ins><br \/>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><br \/>\nWith regards to an industry hesitant to adopt change, Tanya Marsh claims that\u00a0<em>&#8220;some funeral directors have very proactively embraced alkaline hydrolysis but many of these experts are inherently conflicted about alkaline hydrolysis and fear that it offers further competition to an industry that is already struggling to cope with rising levels of cremation&#8221;.\u00a0<\/em>Yet\u00a0Sieber believes\u00a0the funeral profession is open and generally positive towards bio cremation. At the recent National Funeral Director&#8217;s Association\u00a0convention in Indianapolis, funeral directors visiting the Bio Response Solutions booth were educated about the process and many expressed genuine interest.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h4>\u00a0Alkaline Hydrolysis: Moving Forward<\/h4>\n<p>Alkaline hydrolysis is not a new process. In fact, Universities in Europe and North America have been utilizing the process since the 1990s to dispose of research animals. During outbreaks of animal diseases such as mad cow, industrial alkaline hydrolysis machines have been used to dispose of large numbers of animals safely and effectively. But as with any new technology, human adoption takes time and it takes effort.<\/p>\n<blockquote><span class=\"su-highlight\" style=\"background:#59c7db;color:#ffffff\">&nbsp;<strong>When [consumers] have to make a choice but they&#8217;re not being provided with accurate information, I think it is a disservice to the people the industry serves<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/span><\/blockquote>\n<p>Where the process has been legalized, adoption rates are growing. By one estimate, when consumers are given the choice between bio cremation or traditional cremation, 80% will choose the alkaline option. This could be big news for a profession struggling to\u00a0meet consumer demands for cheaper, eco-friendly disposal options. We asked Samantha Sieber what she thought some of the biggest challenges for bio cremation would be moving forward and her response was simple: education. She shares\u00a0that\u00a0<em>&#8220;when [consumers] have to make a choice but they&#8217;re not being provided with accurate information, I think\u00a0it is a disservice to the people the industry serves&#8221;.\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0When there is pushback against bio cremation it\u00a0is often due to\u00a0misinformed funeral directors and a miseducated public Sieber says.<\/p>\n<p>Already bio cremation companies are beginning to make headway, with new machines recently sold in Quebec, Ontario and new markets in the United States. What the future holds for bio cremation will largely depend on an openness of state and provincial legislatures to adopt the technology. While the funeral profession has often been accused of being set in its ways, as with any profession, adoption of new technologies and techniques takes time and education. As consumer demand rises and this process becomes normalized, expect machines to be making their way to your nearest funeral home.<\/p>\n<p>*A big thank you to Samantha Sieber of\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bioresponsesolutions.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bio-Response Solutions<\/a>\u00a0and <a href=\"http:\/\/funerallaw.typepad.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tanya Marsh<\/a> for their time and input.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is legal in only 13 States, 3 Canadian Provinces and was condemned by the New York Catholic Conference in 2011? <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7699,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6444,6446],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3180","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-deathcare","category-enviro"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/talkdeath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/sam-austin-122768-unsplash.jpg?fit=5760%2C3840&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3180","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3180"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3180\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15379,"href":"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3180\/revisions\/15379"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7699"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3180"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3180"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/talkdeath.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3180"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}